本文共 9342 字，大约阅读时间需要 31 分钟。

环境

操作系统：       CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)

Oracle版本：    12cR1

Oracle的yum：    http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol7.repo

一、配置oracle安装环境

1.配置yum源

wget http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol7.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/public-yum-ol7.repoyum clean allyum repolist

2.配置oracle预安装软件

yum -y --nogpgcheck install oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall.x86_64

3.配置oracle用户密码

passwd oracle输入新密码再次输入新密码

· 查看oracle预安装软件的操作

cat -n /var/log/oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall/results/orakernel.log配置用户和组  创建组oinstall，gid54321     1	Adding group oinstall with gid 54321  传键组dba     2	Adding group dba  创建用户oracle，uid54321，主组oinstall，附加组dba，家目录/home/oracle     3	Adding user oracle with user id 54321, initial login group oinstall, supplementary group dba and  home directory /home/oracle  改变/home/oracle的所属，所属主oracle，所属组oinstall     4	Changing ownership of /home/oracle to oracle:oinstall  ps：需要自己设置oracle用户的密码     5	Please set password for oracle user     6	uid=54321(oracle) gid=54321(oinstall) groups=54321(oinstall),54322(dba)     7	Creating oracle user passed      8	配置内核参数/etc/sysctl.conf     9	Saving a copy of the initial sysctl.conf    10	Verifying  kernel parameters as per Oracle recommendations...  设置最大打开文件数    11	Adding fs.file-max = 6815744   设置信号量有关的参数    12	Adding kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128   设置整个系统共享内存段的大小    13	Adding kernel.shmmni = 4096   设置共享内存的总量，8G内存设置：2097152*4k/1024/1024    14	Adding kernel.shmall = 1073741824   设置最大共享内存的段大小    15	Adding kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104     16	Adding kernel.panic_on_oops = 1     17	Adding net.core.rmem_default = 262144     18	Adding net.core.rmem_max = 4194304     19	Adding net.core.wmem_default = 262144     20	Adding net.core.wmem_max = 1048576     21	Adding net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2     22	Adding net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2     23	Adding fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576   设置可使用的IPv4端口范围    24	Adding net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500     25	Setting kernel parameters as per oracle recommendations...    26	Altered file /etc/sysctl.conf  备份/etc/sysctl.conf    27	Saved a copy of the current file in /etc/sysctl.d/99-oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall-sysctl.conf    28	Check /etc/sysctl.d for backups    29	Verifying & setting of kernel parameters passed     30	配置进程会话    31	Setting user limits using /etc/security/limits.d/oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall.conf    32	    33	Verifying oracle user OS limits as per Oracle recommendations...    34	Adding oracle soft nofile  1024    35	Adding oracle hard nofile  65536    36	Adding oracle soft nproc  16384    37	Adding oracle hard nproc  16384    38	Adding oracle soft stack  10240    39	Adding oracle hard stack  32768    40	Adding oracle hard memlock  134217728    41	Adding oracle soft memlock  134217728    42	Setting oracle user OS limits as per Oracle recommendations...    43	Altered file /etc/security/limits.d/oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall.conf    44	Original file backed up at /var/log/oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall/backup/Aug-22-2018-17-11-05    45	Verifying & setting of user limits passed     46	    47	Saving a copy of /etc/default/grub file in /etc/default/grub-initial.orabackup    48	Saving a copy of /etc/default/grub in /var/log/oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall/backup/Aug-22-2018-17-11-05...    49	Verifying kernel boot parameters as per Oracle recommendations...    50	old boot params: "rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet"    51	new boot params: "rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet numa=off"    52	    53	old boot params: "rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet numa=off"    54	new boot params: "rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet numa=off transparent_hugepage=never"    55	    56	Setting kernel boot parameters as per Oracle recommendations...    57	G_DIR=/boot/grub2    58	Default kernel is ->  3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64    59	Default saved_entry is -> CentOS Linux (3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)    60	Default saved_entry_line is -> 	linux16 /vmlinuz-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64     61	Saving a copy of grubenv... in /var/log/oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall/backup/Aug-22-2018-17-11-05    62	Generating grub configuration file ...    63	File descriptor 199 (/run/lock/subsys/oracle-preinstall.lock) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 5538: /usr/sbin/grub2-probe    64	File descriptor 199 (/run/lock/subsys/oracle-preinstall.lock) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 5538: /usr/sbin/grub2-probe    65	Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64    66	Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64.img    67	Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-aeb91e3fbec443d58729a8669460f619    68	Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-aeb91e3fbec443d58729a8669460f619.img    69	File descriptor 199 (/run/lock/subsys/oracle-preinstall.lock) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 5754: /usr/sbin/grub2-probe    70	File descriptor 199 (/run/lock/subsys/oracle-preinstall.lock) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 5754: /usr/sbin/grub2-probe    71	done    72	The saved kernel 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 is now at position - 0    73	Boot parameters will be effected on next reboot    74	Altered file /etc/default/grub    75	Copy of the changed file is in - /etc/default/grub-oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall.orabackup    76	Copy of the original file is in - /var/log/oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall/backup/Aug-22-2018-17-11-05    77	Verifying & setting of boot parameters passed     78	    79	Trying to add NOZEROCONF parameter...    80	Taking a backup of existing file to /etc/sysconfig/network.orabackup    81	Successfully added parameter NOZEROCONF to /etc/sysconfig/network    82	Setting /etc/sysconfig/network parameters passed     83	    84	Disabling Transparent Hugepages.     85	Refer Oracle Note:1557478.1    86	    87	Disabling defrag.     88	Refer Oracle Note:1557478.1    89	    90	Taking a backup of old config files under /var/log/oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall/backup/Aug-22-2018-17-11-05

二、安装oracle

1.下载oracle软件包

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/cn/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html

2.创建工作目录并解压

cd /data/oracleunzip linuxamd64_12102_database_se2_1of2.zipunzip linuxamd64_12102_database_se2_2of2.zip

3.解决中文乱码

export LANG=C

4.安装oracle,使用oracle登陆系统

cd /data/oracle/database./runInstaller

4.1 配置安全更新

  跳过即可

4.2 安装选项

  - 仅安装数据库软件

    选项说明：

        - 创建和配置数据库：用于新安装数据库的用户。

        - 仅安装数据库软件：适用于已有oracle数据库数据用于数据迁移的。

        - 升级现有的数据库：适用于将老数据库升级成新数据库的用户。

4.3 系统类

  - 桌面类：最小化配置

  - 服务器类：

4.4 网络安装选项

  - 单实例数据库安装

4.5 安装类型

  - 典型安装：省事，后边的设置很少

  - 高级安装：

4.6 产品语言

  - 默认即可

4.5 数据库版本

  - 标准版

4.6 安装位置

  - 默认即可，会读取oracle预安装时的配置

4.7 创建产品清单

  - 默认即可

4.8 操作系统组

  - 没有创建oper组，第二项用 dba 即可

4.9 先决条件检查

  - 根据提示，安装缺少的软件、修改配置文件

  - 虚拟内存问题，影响不大，可以继续安装

4.10 概要

  - 查看有无问题，有就双击后边的“编辑”

4.11 安装

4.12 执行配置脚本

再开一个终端ssh root@ip地址. /home/oracle/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh. /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

4.13 安装完成

5.配置环境变量，oracle登陆

[oracle@oracledb ~]$ vim .bash_profile 在里边添加export ORACLE_SID=orclexport ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH[oracle@oracledb ~]$ source .bash_profile

三、配置监听

  - 默认即可

解决netca和dbca乱码[oracle@oracledb fonts]$ mkdir $ORACLE_HOME/jdk/jre/lib/fonts/fallback/[oracle@oracledb fonts]$ cp /usr/share/fonts/zh_CN/TrueType/zysong.ttf $ORACLE_HOME/jdk/jre/lib/fonts/fallback/  # mkdir -p /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/jdk/jre/lib/fonts/fallback  # cp /usr/share/fonts/zh_CN/TrueType/wqy-zenhei.ttf /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/jdk/jre/lib/fonts/fallback/配置监听listener[oracle@oracledb fonts]$ netcaOracle Net Services 配置:正在配置监听程序:LISTENER监听程序配置完成。Oracle Net 监听程序启动:    正在运行监听程序控制:       /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER    监听程序控制完成。    监听程序已成功启动。成功完成 Oracle Net Services 配置。退出代码是0查看监听状态[oracle@oracledb fonts]$ lsnrctl statusLSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on 22-AUG-2018 21:25:00Copyright (c) 1991, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=oracledb)(PORT=1521)))STATUS of the LISTENER------------------------Alias                     LISTENERVersion                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - ProductionStart Date                22-AUG-2018 21:23:44Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 1 min. 16 secTrace Level               offSecurity                  ON: Local OS AuthenticationSNMP                      OFFListener Parameter File   /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.oraListener Log File         /home/oracle/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oracledb/listener/alert/log.xmlListening Endpoints Summary...  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracledb)(PORT=1521)))  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))The listener supports no servicesThe command completed successfully

四、创建数据库实例

[oracle@oracledb fonts]$ dbca

 

五、验证

  · 使用oracle自带的交互工具连接数据库

[oracle@oracledb ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Wed Aug 22 20:57:30 2018Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connected to an idle instance.SQL>

六、数据库控制

  · 以oracle用户执行

1.启动监听[oracle@oracledb ~]$ lsnrctl start2.查看监听[oracle@oracledb ~]$ lsnrctl status3.关闭监听[oracle@oracledb ~]$ lsnrctl stop

  · 以sysdba登陆sqlplus

[oracle@oracledb ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba启动数据库SQL> startup关闭数据库SQL> shutdown immediate退出sqlplusSQL> exit

转载地址：http://njciz.baihongyu.com/